Hypomania
Episodes of hypomania may warrant a diagnosis of bipolar II disorder if the person is also having episodes of depression. Hypomania causes symptoms of mania that are not severe enough to be considered a manic episode.
Hypomanic episodes are also part of a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder. Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by the presence of numerous hypomanic episodes for at least two years.
A hypomanic episode causes a mood disturbance that is an abnormally elevated or irritable mood that lasts for at least four days. For the symptoms to be considered evidence of a manic episode, the mood disturbance and other symptoms of mania must last at least one week or be severe enough to require hospitalization.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) by the American Psychiatric Association, the person must have at least three other symptoms of mania during the mood disturbance or four or more symptoms if the mood disturbance is irritibility for it to be considered a hypomanic episode. During an episode of hypomania, the person may develop distractibility and an inflated self-esteem or gradiosity which are two symptoms of mania.
Possible symptoms of mania include a decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, and racing thoughts. The decreased need for sleep can cause the person to sleep much less than usual, often as little as three hours a day, without a resulting fatigue or tiredness.
Another symptom of hypomania is a focus on goal-oriented behavior. The person may have a renewed and even obsessive pursuit of a goal. The goal may be related to work, personal achievement, social activities, or interpersonal relationships.
Hypomania can cause the person to engage in pleasurable activities without regards to the consequences of their behavior. These activities with which the person becomes excessively involved are often out of character for the person.
The symptoms of a hypomanic episode must cause an observable change in functioning. The change in functioning must not be severe enough to cause an impairment in occupational and social functioning.
If the symptoms persist for at least a week and become severe enough to cause an impairment in occupational or social functioning, the hypomanic episode may be considered a manic episode. In these cases, the person’s diagnosis may change from bipolar II disorder or cyclothymic disorder to bipolar I disorder since the presence of manic episodes is the defining trait of bipolar I disorder.
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